Some of you may remember an article we published last December where we announced that PorschePurist.com entered into an agreement with Flying Lizard Motorsports naming our site as the first U.S. based Flying Lizard Merchandise Affiliate Partner and gave all of our readers a 10% discount on Flying Lizard Gear to kick things off. The response was so great, we’re doing it again! Only this time it’s different. Way different.
From left to right: Darren Law, Seth Neiman and Jörg Bergmeister prepare for the start of a race
Not only is Flying Lizard offering a discount to PorschePurist readers on all their excellent gear (see the second half of this post for more details), they are offering our readers a chance at a private and intimate “behind the scenes tour” of the Flying Lizard Paddock. If you’re a Porsche race fan and plan on attending this year’s ALMS series premiere at the Mobil1 12 Hours of Sebring then don’t miss this chance of a lifetime!
Flying Lizard’s Team Manager, Eric Ingraham, will lead a small group of PorschePurist’s readers on a tour of the Flying Lizard Paddock for a chance to see what really happens as a world class race team prepares for one of the biggest races of the season. In order to keep the tour as intimate and detailed as possible, we want to limit the group to just ten (10). This way, not only can we tour the paddock areas, but we may also enter and explore the trailers*, view the cars, meet more of the team and possibly, just possibly some of the drivers (but no promises).
The tour will be on Thursday the 18th of March from 5:15 pm to 5:45 pm. If you are interested in taking part in this exclusive behind the scenes look, and plan on being at Sebring Thursday afternoon, then here’s what you need to do. Simply respond to this post in a comment below letting us know you want to attend – make sure you fill out the form completely to include a good email address (Read this post for help on commenting if you need it). We will then randomly pick the winners and contact each one of you individually by Monday the 15th.
At first we were going to select contest winners from first responders, but that gives an unfair advantage to those of you who receive our newsletter via RSS vs. email. For those of you who do get PorschePurist via email, make sure you click through to the site to leave a comment on the post (don’t simply reply to your newsletter email).
As the attendance is so very limited -and exclusive access to the paddock like this so rare – please, please, please only enter if you are 100% sure you can make it! If you have other questions just let us know.
Now about that discount for the Flying Lizard Merchandise
Last, but definitely not least, is a 10% discount on all Flying Lizard Merchandise. This discount is available to any and all PorschePurist.com reader between March 11, 2010 and March 18, 2010. Simply enter “PorschePuristSebring″ (it IS case sensitive) on the first page of your cart and the savings will be automatically applied!
Remember, the discount code “PorschePuristSebring” gets you 10% off all Flying Lizard Merchandise and is only good online. We recently received a bunch of Flying Lizard Gear and were impressed with the overall quality. Included in our bag of swag was a woman’s hoodie for me and a couple of co-branded items for John.
What’s co-branded? These items (such as the Casual Dress shirt and the Team Cap) are branded with both the Porsche Motorsports and the Flying Lizard logos. It’s a great way to show your loyalty to our favorite automotive marque and racing team at the same time. We’ll give you a full review on Flying Lizard Gear in our next post.
For now, enjoy the saving, good luck with the contest and I hope to see you at Sebring!
*The Fine Print: It’s possible some areas of the paddock may be unavailable during our tour if their is any proprietary race set-up taking place or anything else that must remain behind closed doors for competitive reasons. Regardless, it will be a very exciting tour.
[Photo Credit: Flying Lizard Paddock by Andrew Granieri]
Porsche’s season started off with an unexpected win by a Porsche Cayenne powered Daytona Prototype at the Rolex 24 Hours. How will they fare at Homestead this weekend? We’ll let you know in real-time as we head to Miami to watch the race. Not to be forgotten, the ALMS premiers in just two short weeks at the legendary 12 Hours of Sebring. PorschePurist will make the drive up through the orange groves to call the action track-side. Incidentally, we’ll be making the drive through the truck route of central Florida in a new Porsche Cayman S courtesy of PCNA. We’ll be sure to let you know how many tickets we get along with our thoughts on the Cayman and the race results.
Meanwhile, if you’re not able to keep up with each Porsche Motorsport post here on PorschePurist.com and would prefer a brief synopsis of what’s happening in the world of Porsche Motorsport, there is no better way to stay in touch than by reviewing the monthly Porsche Motorsport Newsletter. Filled with interesting facts and figures about past and upcoming races, along with changes to team and crew, the Porsche Motorsport Newsletter is an easy way to keep up-to-date on this year’s racing activities.
Porsche 911 GT3 R Hybrid: Porsche Intelligent Performance
110 years ago, Ferdinand Porsche developed the first vehicle with hybrid drive. Porsche now takes up this visionary concept in racing with the 911 GT3 R Hybrid. The race car, which contests the Nürburgring 24 Hours, features a 480 hp boxer rear engine, plus two electric motors on the front axle. Charged during braking, each flywheel generator supplies 60 kW (ca. 80 hp). An intelligent electronic control utilizes the stored energy predominantly to reduce fuel consumption. When overtaking, drivers can call up this additional power for six to eight seconds at the press of a button. On March 2nd, the 911 GT3 R Hybrid celebrated its debut at the Geneva Motor Show.
Porsche Fitness Camp: Sweat for Success
On the island of Fuerteventura Porsche works drivers as well as Porsche Junior Marco Holzer conducted their annual intensive fitness training. Firstly, they underwent a performance analysis in Potsdam University’s sports medicine department as well as a very thorough physical examination. Seven hours of weight and endurance training were scheduled daily. Sports medicine specialist Prof. Dr. Frank Mayer: “Even prior to the training, all drivers were in extremely good physical condition. Thanks to the particularly intensive program they now head into the new season with an extra boost in fitness.”
American Le Mans Series: Test-Fest in Sebring with Record Turnout
Four 911 GT3 RSR, an RS Spyder and seven 911 GT3 Cup: With twelve race cars, Porsche customers made up the largest contingent at the ALMS winter tests in Sebring (22/23 February), which with 28 vehicles marked a record number of participants. As reigning champions in the GT2 class, Joerg Bergmeister and Patrick Long will be joined by Marc Lieb to compete with the Porsche 911 GT3 RSR fielded by Flying Lizard Motorsports. The driver pairing Wolf Henzler/Bryan Sellers pilots a GT3 RSR for the Falken Tire team for the first time. Jeroen Bleekemolen joins up with team-owner Tim Pappas in Black Swan Racing’s GT3 RSR. Richard Lietz joins regulars Darren Law and Seth Neiman in the second Lizard Porsche. Greg Pickett, team principal of Cytosport Racing, runs an RS Spyder. He shares the cockpit with Klaus Graf. Sascha Maassen lends the team support at three races. The seven 911 GT3 Cup vehicles race in the GT Challenge class. Season-opening: 20th March, Sebring.
UAE GT Championship: René Rast Beats Points’ Leader
Pole position, fastest lap and victory: With an immaculate performance, René Rast had the upper hand at the fifth of eight races in the UAE GT Championship on the last weekend in February. In the cockpit of a Mühlner Motorsport Cytech Porsche 911 GT3 Cup S, the reigning Carrera Cup Deutschland champion put a stop to Corvette pilot Karim Al Azhari’s four-race winning streak on the Yas Marina Circuit. Supercup ace Sean Edwards took the flag as third in an ARM Porsche.
European FIA GT Championship: Strong 911 GT3 R contingent
Three top teams plan to bring the 480 hp 911 GT3 R to contest the European FIA GT3 Championship: The Belgian ProSpeed Competition team – 2009 GT2 champions with Porsche – as well as Mühlner Motorsport (Belgium) and Trackspeed Racing from England.
Central American & Caribbean Racing: Four starts, four wins, champions
Putting in an immaculate performance, Jacinto Peynado from the Dominican Republic won the Campeonato Centroamericano y del Caribe de Automovilismo 2009, central America’s most important race series. The Porsche dealer prevailed in the 911 GT3 Cup at the first two races and also proved unbeatable at the last two races.
Matmut Carrera Cup France: Heading for Le Mans 24 Hours
The Matmut Carrera Cup France celebrates the 40th anniversary of Porsche’s first overall victory at Le Mans with a very special event. Several hours before the start of the 24 hour race (12 June), a championship round of the popular race series, now in its 24th year, takes place for the first time on the “big” circuit. Also on the calendar of the 2010 Matmut Carrera Cup France are traditional tracks like Spa, Monza and Magny-Cours.
GT3 Cup Challenge Australia: “Man the lifeboats” at season-opening Bathurst
Torrential downpours at the season-opening round of the GT3 Cup Challenge Australia (12/13 February) at Bathurst, about 200 kilometres west of Sydney: In the first corner, the Porsches of reigning champion Matt Kingsley and vice-champ Sven Burchartz touched, punting both into retirement. Only two clear laps were possible before pole-sitter Rodney Forbes saw the flag as winner. Race two was cancelled due to flooding on the track.
GT3 Cup Challenge Middle East: Prince Abdulaziz Al Faisal clear favourite
With four rounds still to run in the GT3 Cup Challenge Middle East, Prince Abdulaziz Al Faisal (Saudi Arabia) already looks set to become champion after claiming three wins from the last four races in Abu Dhabi (5/6 and 20/21 February). Prince Khalid Al Faisal ranks second. Sheikh Salman Bin Rashid Al Khalifa celebrated his first GT3 Cup Challenge win at the seventh round (20th February).
GT3 Cup Challenge New Zealand: Craig Baird well on way to sixth title
With just three championship rounds left on the GT3 Cup Challenge New Zealand calendar (19-21 March, Taupo), five-time champion Craig Baird is on course for another title. Notching up two third positions and a fifth place on the Manfeild Motor Racing Circuit (12/14 February), the 39-year-old earned himself further points. Matt Halliday, 2009 Supercup Rookie of the Year and Baird’s toughest rival, experienced a weekend of mixed fortunes: Unbeatable in qualifying, third was his best result.
Carrera Cup Great Britain: Record-setting man and team to compete
Tim Harvey is unstoppable: With Red Line Racing, the 48-year-old professional contests his eighth full Carrera Cup season. During this time, the 2008 champion and triple vice-champion has secured 24 race wins. Harvey, however, faces plenty of opposition: Motorbase Performance plan to bring a record six 911 GT3 Cup racers. Parker Racing with 2009 champion Tim Bridgman, as well as the Celtic Speed squad also take up the challenge. Porsche Cars Great Britain takes care of its motorsport customers in its new motorsport centre and at the race track from the 1st March.
Porsch Race notes
Five young race drivers are excited about being chosen as “Porsche Motorsport Talents”: Niall Breen (23, Ireland), Jono Lester (20, New Zealand), Tim Sandtler (22, Germany), Harald Schlegelmilch (22, Latvia) and Ferdinand Stuck (18, Germany) asserted themselves over tough competition and will be supported in their 2010 campaign in the Porsche Mobil1 Supercup or Carrera Cup Deutschland.
Porsche works drivers Timo Bernhard (Germany) and Romain Dumas (France) contest the Le Mans 24 hour race (12th and 13th June) for Audi. As long distance specialists, the pair provides reinforcement to the driver line-up of the Ingolstadt manufacturer at the wheel of an Audi R15 TDI. In a Porsche RS Spyder, Bernhard and Dumas won all titles in the American Le Mans Series LMP2 class in 2007 and 2008. Last season, they shared the cockpit of a Porsche Riley, competing for Penske Racing in the Grand-Am Series. Both pilots drove the Audi R15 TDI in Le Mans last year
Timo Bernhard and Romain Dumas are regarded as two of the most experienced sports car pilots in the world. Last year, Bernhard claimed his fourth straight overall victory at the Nürburgring 24 hour race, for Dumas it marked his third consecutive win. At the 2008 12 Hours of Sebring – one of the world’s most prestigious endurance races – the Porsche works drivers also brought home victory.
Timo Bernhard celebrated a momentous win in 2003 claiming overall victory at the Daytona 24 hour race. In Le Mans, as well, the German climbed to the top of the podium: In his first year as Porsche works driver in 2002 he won the GT class, and in 2005 he occupied second in the GT2 class.
Romain Dumas also has an impressive record: In addition to their shared victory, the 32-year-old also won the Spa 24 hour event in 2003 and 2004. For the past three years, Dumas has been consigned to LMP1 teams for the Le Mans 24 Hours. In 2007, the Porsche factory pilot secured third overall with the Pescarolo team.
“After our bad luck last year I’m very much looking forward to racing for Audi in Le Mans and to fight to overall victory,” says Bernhard. “We gained a huge amount of experience with the vehicle in 2009,” Dumas adds. “Many thanks go to Porsche and Audi who have again made this possible for us.”
Resumé Timo Bernhard
Born on 24 February 1981 in Homburg/Saar (D)
Height, weight: 1.74 m, 60 kg
Porsche works driver since 2002 (Porsche junior since 1999)
Most important successes
2009
1st place Nürburgring 24 Hours (overall)
4th place Grand-Am Series (Daytona Prototypes)
2008
Champion American Le Mans Series (LMP2), 4 wins
1st place Sebring 12 Hours (overall)
1st place Nürburgring 24 Hours (overall)
2007
Champion American Le Mans Series (LMP2), 8 wins
1st place Nürburgring 24 Hours (overall)
2006
3rd place American Le Mans Series (LMP2), 4 wins
1st place Nürburgring 24 Hours (overall)
2005
2nd place American Le Mans Series (GT2), 4 wins
2nd place Le Mans 24 Hours (GT2)
2004
Champion American Le Mans Series (GT)
3rd place Nürburgring 24 Hours (overall)
2003
1st place Daytona 24 Hours (overall)
2nd place American Le Mans Series (GT)
2002
1st place Le Mans 24 Hours (GT)
2nd place Nürburgring 24 Hours (overall)
Resumé Romain Dumas
Born on 14 December 1977 in Alés (F)
Height, weight: 1.75 m, 61 kg
Porsche works driver since 2004
Most important successes
2009
1st place Nürburgring 24 Hours (overall)
4th place Grand-Am Series (Daytona Prototypes)
2008
Champion American Le Mans Series (LMP2), 4 wins
1st place Sebring 12 Hours (overall)
1st place Nürburgring 24 Hours (overall)
2007
Champion American Le Mans Series (LMP2), 8 wins
1st place Nürburgring 24 Hours (overall)
2006
3rd place American Le Mans Series (LMP2), 4 wins
2005
2nd place American Le Mans Series (GT2), 4 wins
2004
3rd place Le Mans 24 Hours (GT)
1st place Spa 24 Hours (N-GT, 3rd overall)
1st place Le Mans Endurance Series (GT)
2003
1st place Spa 24 Hours (overall)
3rd place Porsche Carrera Cup
With the Rolex 24 Hours in the books and the US season off to a strong start for Porsche, we have a lot to look forward to in both Grand-Am and ALMS this year. Members of the PorschePurist team will be at Homestead and Sebring in March to cover each race and cheer on our favorite teams. Don’t forget, PorschePurist.com has entered into an agreement with Flying Lizard Motorsports naming our site as the first U.S. based Flying Lizard Merchandise Affiliate Partner. If you plan on going to Sebring, or any other ALMS race this year, and want to do so in style, the Flying Lizard team gear is a great way to go.
Meanwhile, if you’re not able to keep up with each Porsche Motorsport post here on PorschePurist.com and would prefer a brief synopsis of what’s happening in the world of Porsche Motorsport, there is no better way to stay in touch than by reviewing the monthly Porsche Motorsport Newsletter. Filled with interesting facts and figures about past and upcoming races, along with changes to team and crew, the Porsche Motorsport Newsletter is an easy way to keep up-to-date on this year’s racing activities.
Porsche continues dominating long distance classics. Last weekend Action Express Racing secured victory at the 24 Hours of Daytona with a Riley prototype powered by an independently-developed V8 based on the Cayenne. This marked the 22nd overall win for Porsche at Daytona. Sharing the cockpit were Joao Barbosa (Portugal), Terry Borcheller (USA), Ryan Dalziel (USA) and Mike Rockenfeller (Switzerland). In the GT class, two Porsche 911 GT3 Cup racers, fielded by TRG/Flying Lizard Motorsports as well as the TRG squad, brought home second and third. Race legend Hurley Haywood (61) contested the last race of his active career at the wheel of a Brumos-Porsche. With five overall victories to his credit, Haywood is the record winner in Daytona. The American achieved all five successes in Porsche race cars.
American Le Mans Series: GT Challenge Class now at all races
After successfully debuting last year at five races, the GT Challenge Class for 911 GT3 Cup race cars now features at all American Le Mans Series rounds in 2010 for the first time. Porsche customers field various versions of the 911 GT3 Cup from the Grand-Am, the SCCA World Challenge and the Porsche brand trophy series, lining up together on the grid with LMP and GT race cars. The Sebring 12 hour event on 20th March opens the season.
Porsche one make series: 2010 features six new GT3 Cup Challenges
Porsche’s one make cup series remain in the fast lane. In 2010, six new GT3 Cup Challenges take off: Eastern Europe, Great Britain, Japan, Middle East (since December ‘09), Scandinavia and Switzerland. Around the world, a total of 19 Porsche brand trophy series are contested this year.
Carrera Cup Deutschland: Sprinter with marathon qualities
The Porsche Carrera Cup Deutschland enters its 21st season in 2010. Once again, the classic of all Porsche makes cups will run as support to nine rounds of the DTM. Added to the calendar for the first time is a race on Valencia’s street circuit. The sprint format over approximately 80 kilometres remains unchanged. Returning to the action is Uwe Alzen (42), the 1992 and 2007 champion.
Carrera Cup Asia: Christian Menzel achieves a first – series set for 2010
Preparations for the new Carrera Cup Asia season are running at high revs, with six race weekends fixed on the most important circuits of China, in Korea and Singapore. In Shanghai and Singapore, the Porsche series runs as support to the Formula One World Championship. Last season, Germany’s Christian Menzel claimed the title by one point, ahead of Britain’s Tim Sugden. Menzel is the first German to achieve this feat. And he is the only race driver to have secured Carrera Cup championships on two continents. In 2005 he was the champion of the Carrera Cup Deutschland.
GT3 Cup Challenge Middle East: One-two for Al Faisal Racing Team
After three wins from four races, Abdulaziz Al Faisal is the leading man in the inaugural GT3 Cup Challenge Middle East. Only his teammate Khalid Al Faisal was able to push him off the top of the podium at round two in Bahrain. The lights turned green for the GT3 Cup Challenge in December 2009. Until March 2010, fans can witness the action on six race weekends, each with two races, in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
GT3 Cup Challenge New Zealand: Defending champ leads – youngster attacks
After four weekends, each with three races, the five-time and reigning champion Craig Baird is again on course for the title in the GT3 Cup Challenge New Zealand. With two wins at the fourth meeting in Timaru (22-24 Jan.), Baird increased his lead over Matt Halliday. Bad luck plagued one of his strongest rival: The young Australian David Reynolds (24) – Baird’s teammate at Triple X Motorsport – is regarded as a hot favourite after winning at the second and third race weekend, but retired from race three in Timaru with a punctured radiator.
Race notes:
Porsche ambassador and test driver Walter Röhrl (62) will contest the Nürburgring 24 hour race (15-16 May). With three other pilots, the double world rally champion drives a road-legal, 450 hp 911 GT3 RS.
Perfect Porsche start into the new motorsport season with overall victory at the Dubai 24 hour race (15-16 January) thanks to works driver Patrick Pilet, Porsche Junior Marco Holzer and Raymond Narac in the 911 GT3 RSR run by IMSA Performance Matmut. Seven 911 GT3 Cup racers finished in the top ten.
When Brumos made the decision to campaign only one car this season (the #59) – and retire last year’s winner #58, a window of opportunity opened for Daytona businessman and long-time Brumos affiliate Bob Johnson. Using a Riley chassis he already owned, Johnson and Brumos developed a win-win situation for everyone involved. “There were several Brumos key team members available to lead the team, along with two of the top drivers in the series. I was able to make arrangements to share raceshop space with the Brumos team and keep the group intact.” said Johnson.
Johnson married his Riley chassis with a Porsche powered engine first approved by Grand-Am in 2007 (during the 2007 season Grand-Am approved this new Porsche engine – the other being a 3.99 liter flat-six). This new 5.0L V8 unit, while not actually constructed by Porsche, is based on the V8 engine used in the Porsche Cayenne and modified by Lozano Bros. Porting in Texas. This coupling of a proven Riley chassis, prolific Porsche power and a stacked driver line-up proved to be the winning combination this year at Daytona for Johnson’s new Action Express Racing (see the video below).
Using a veteran driver line-up including Ryan Dalziel, Mike Rockenfeller, Joao Barbosa, and Terry Borcheller, and support from a veteran team, Brumos Racing, the Action Express Racing Porsche-powered Riley upset the pre-race favorites to win the 48th running of the Rolex 24 at Daytona. ‘While the pre-race favorites BMW Riley, Ford Riley, Ford Dallara, and last year’s winner, the Brumos Porsche Riley, all led the race at various times during the day and night, mechanical gremlins and miscues on the track derailed those efforts, and the Action Express team came away with the win.
Porsche’s Success in the GT Class
n the Rolex GT class, it looked like a Porsche 911 GT3 Cup victory was in the works once the leading Camaro broke overnight, but the leading TRG Porsches lost their advantage in the last four hours of the event.
First, the #71 TRG Porsche 911 GT3 Cup, with NASCAR star Bobby Labonte at the controls, ran out of fuel on the course and had to be towed into the infield, where the TRG crew met the car, gave it a dump-can of fuel, and got it back on the track. However, Labonte had to circle the track again, and then come in for a full fuel stop and driver change under green, and lost the three-lap lead the team had built in the GT class. Only seven minutes later, the new leaders #67 TRG Flying Lizard Porsche 911 GT3 Cup of Seth Neiman/Johannes van Overbeek/Joerg Bergmeister/Patrick Long came into the pits with a broken front shock. The team replaced the shock, but it put them five laps back, and opened the door for the #70 Speedsource Mazda to take the lead – a lead they never relinquished. The #71 car, with Labonte, Romain Dumas, Timo Bernhard, Spencer Pumpelly and Tim Geroge, Jr., later broke an axle and ended up ninth in class. The #67 car finished second, and third place went to the #66 TRG Porsche Ted Ballou, Kelly Collins, Wolf Henzler, Andy Lally, and Patrick Flanagan.
2010 Rolex 24 Hours at Daytona Race Results
Race result
1. Barbosa/Borcheller/Dalziel/Rockenfeller (P/USA/USA/CH),
Porsche Riley (DP), 755 laps
2. Pruett/Papis/Rojas/Wilson (USA/I/MEX/USA),
BMW Riley (DP), 755
3. Hunter-Reay/Bouchut/Tucker/Luhr/Westbrook (USA/F/USA/D/GB),
BMW Riley (DP), 751
4. Krohn/Braun/Jonsson/Zonta (USA/USA/USA/BRA),
Ford Lola (DP), 735
5. Friselle/Negri/Pew/Wilkins (USA/USA/USA/USA),
Ford Riley (DP), 726
6. Angelelli/Lamy/R. Taylor/W. Taylor (MC/P/USA/USA),
Ford Dallara (DP), 711
7. Allmendinger/Friselle/Patterson/Valiante (USA/USA/USA/CAN),
Ford Riley (DP), 707
8. Bomarito/Ham/Haskell/Tremblay (USA/USA/USA/USA),
Mazda RX-8 (GT), 707
9. Bergmeister/Long/van Overbeek/Neiman (D/USA/USA/USA),
Porsche 911 GT3 Cup (GT), 703
10. Henzler/Flanagan/Ballou/Collins/Lally (D/USA/USA/USA/USA),
Porsche 911 GT3 Cup (GT), 691
The 48th running of the Rolex 24 at Daytona marks the 42nd anniversary of Vic Elford’s victory in the Porsche 907, Porsche’s first 24 hour endurance win. To celebrate the occasion, David Donohue pilots a 2010 Porsche GT3 around the Daytona road course while Vic Elford, the Grand Marshal for this year’s race, tells the story of his victory for Porsche.
As live TV coverage gets ready to wrap up for the night, Raphael Matos has moved into first place overall at the Rolex 24 at Daytona with the #59 Brumos Porsche Riley. At the same time, TRG holds 1-2-3 in the GT class with Porsche factory drivers in each car. Before you get too excited, please realize that by the time I finish typing this post the leads could very well change again. In fact, with just a little over 5 hours of the race completed there have already been 11 lead changes in the Daytona Prototype class alone.
PorschePurist.com Riding Loud and Proud on the Wing of the TRG #18 Porsche at Daytona
TRG, with five Porsches in this race, is the team to watch in GT class, including the #18 Guardian Angel Motorsports’ Porsche. In their sophomore showing, Guardian Angel is not only still in the race, they are within the top 35 cars overall!!
There’s lots and lots of time left, but things are looking good for Porsche overall. If everyone can make it through the night, we should see some pretty exciting racing tomorrow with cool and dry conditions.
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